To demonstrate how air is used to lift submarines.

Materials

bowl, 2 quart (liter)
clear plastic drinking glass, 7 oz. (210 ml)
flexible drinking straw

Procedure

• Fill a bowl with water.
• Turn a glass on its side and push it beneath the surface of the water in the bowl. You want to fill the
glass with as much water as possible.
• Keep the mouth of the glass beneath the water as you turn the glass so that it sits upside down on the
bottom of the bowl.
• Raise the glass slightly with your hand and slip the end of a straw under the rim of the glass.
• Support the glass with your hand, but do not restrict its movement.
• Exhale through the straw.

Results

As you exhale through the straw, water moves out of the glass and the glass rises to the surface of the
water.

Why?

Filling the glass with water makes it heavy enough to sink and rest on the bottom of the bowl. Your
exhaled breath pushes water out of the glass. The weight of the gas in your breath is lighter than that of
water. The glass is more buoyant (tending to float) when filled with gas than when filled with water.

Submarines contain tanks that when filled with water cause the craft to sink. To surface, the water in the
tanks is replaced with air, making the ship more buoyant.

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